Common Causes of Spondylolisthesis:

• Degenerative changes: Age-related disc and joint wear weaken vertebral support.

• Spina bifida: A congenital spinal condition that can increase the risk.

• Trauma: Sudden spinal injuries or fractures.

• Repetitive stress: Overuse from activities like weightlifting or gymnastics.

Symptoms of Spondylolisthesis:

• Lower back pain, often aggravated by movement

• Muscle stiffness or tightness in the lower back

• Sciatic pain radiating to the buttocks or legs

• Leg numbness, tingling, or weakness

• Difficulty walking or maintaining balance

Diagnosis and Evaluation:

Doctors typically use physical examinations, X-rays, and MRI scans to evaluate the extent of vertebral displacement and nerve involvement.

Treatment Options:

Conservative care is usually the first step and includes:

• Pain relief medications

• Physical therapy to strengthen back and core muscles

• Activity modification and ergonomic corrections

Surgical intervention may be needed if symptoms persist or worsen. Surgical options aim to stabilize and realign the vertebrae, often through spinal fusion procedures.

Early diagnosis and the right treatment plan can significantly reduce discomfort and restore spinal function.